Backhoe Loader

Chojambulira cha backhoe ndi gawo limodzi lopangidwa ndi zida zitatu zomangira. Amadziwika kuti "wotanganidwa kumapeto onse awiri". Panthawi yomanga, wogwiritsa ntchito amangofunika kutembenuza mpando kuti asinthe mapeto ogwira ntchito. Ntchito yaikulu ya backhoe loader ndi kukumba ngalande zolowera mapaipi ndi zingwe zapansi panthaka, kuyala maziko a nyumba ndi kukhazikitsa ngalande zamadzi.

Chifukwa chachikulu chomwe ma backhoe loaders ali pamalo onse omanga ndi chifukwa chofuna kukumba ndikusuntha dothi pama projekiti osiyanasiyana. Ngakhale zida zina zambiri zitha kugwira ntchito ngati izi, chojambulira cha backhoe chimatha kukulitsa luso lanu kwambiri. Poyerekeza, ma backhoe loaders ndi ophatikizika kwambiri kuposa zida zazikulu, za cholinga chimodzi monga zofukula zokwawa. Ndipo amathanso kusuntha mozungulira malo osiyanasiyana omanga komanso kuthamanga pamsewu. Ngakhale zida zina zazing'ono zopatulira ndi zokumba zitha kukhala zazing'ono kuposa zojambulira backhoe, kugwiritsa ntchito chojambulira cha backhoe kungapulumutse nthawi ndi ndalama zambiri ngati kontrakitala akugwira ntchito yofukula ndi kutsitsa.
Chojambulira cha backhoe chimaphatikizapo: powertrain, mapeto otsegula, ndi mapeto a kukumba. Chida chilichonse chimapangidwira mtundu wina wa ntchito. Pamalo omwe amamangapo, ofukula nthawi zambiri amafunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zigawo zonse zitatu kuti ntchitoyo ithe.

Powertrain
Mapangidwe apakati a backhoe loader ndi powertrain. Powertrain ya backhoe loader idapangidwa kuti iziyenda momasuka pazigawo zosiyanasiyana zolimba. Ndi injini yamphamvu ya turbodiesel, matayala akulu okhala ndi mano akuya komanso kabati yokhala ndi zowongolera (chiwongolero, mabuleki, ndi zina).
Chotsitsacho chimasonkhanitsidwa kutsogolo kwa zida ndipo chofufutira chimasonkhanitsidwa kumbuyo. Zigawo ziwirizi zimapereka ntchito zosiyana kwambiri. Onyamula amatha kugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Muzogwiritsa ntchito zambiri, mutha kuziganizira ngati poto lalikulu lamphamvu kapena khofi. Nthawi zambiri sagwiritsidwa ntchito pokumba, koma amagwiritsidwa ntchito ponyamula ndi kusuntha zinthu zambiri zotayirira. Kapenanso, angagwiritsidwe ntchito kukankha nthaka ngati khasu, kapena kusalaza pansi ngati batala pa mkate. Woyendetsa amatha kuwongolera chonyamula poyendetsa thirakitala.
The excavator ndiye chida chachikulu cha backhoe loader. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukumba zolimba, zolimba (nthawi zambiri dothi) kapena kukweza zinthu zolemetsa (monga ma culverts a sewer box). Wofukula amatha kunyamula zinthuzo ndikuziyika m'mbali mwa dzenje. Mwachidule, chofukula ndi dzanja lamphamvu, lalikulu kapena chala, chomwe chimakhala ndi magawo atatu: boom, ndowa, ndi ndowa.
Zina zowonjezera zomwe zimapezeka pazitsulo za backhoe zimaphatikizapo mapazi awiri okhazikika kumbuyo kwa mawilo akumbuyo. Mapazi amenewa ndi ofunika kwambiri pa ntchito yofukula. Mapazi amatenga mphamvu ya kulemera kwa chofukula pamene akuchita ntchito zofukula. Popanda kukhazikika mapazi, kulemera kwa katundu wolemera kapena mphamvu yotsika yokumba idzawononga mawilo ndi matayala, ndipo thirakitala yonse idzalumphira mmwamba ndi pansi. Mapazi okhazikika amapangitsa thalakitala kukhala yokhazikika komanso kuchepetsa mphamvu zomwe zimapangidwira pamene wofukula akukumba. Mapazi okhazikika amatetezanso thirakitala kuti isagwere m'maenje kapena m'mapanga.
njira zogwirira ntchito zotetezeka
1. Musanayambe kukumba ndi backhoe loader, pakamwa ndi miyendo ya chidebe chonyamulira ziyenera kukhazikika pansi, kuti mawilo akutsogolo ndi akumbuyo achoke pang'ono pansi, ndipo fuselage iyenera kusungidwa bwino kuti ikhale yolimba. makina. Asanafukule, chidebe chonyamuliracho chiyenera kutembenuzidwa kuti pakamwa pa chidebecho chiyang'ane pansi ndipo mawilo akutsogolo achokepo pang'ono. Tsimikizirani ndi kutseka chopondapo cha brake, kenaka tambasulani zotulukapo kuti mukweze mawilo akumbuyo kuchokera pansi ndikusunga malo opingasa.
2. Ngati boom itaphulika mwadzidzidzi pamene ikutsika, mphamvu yowonongeka chifukwa cha inertia yake idzawononga chipangizo chofukula ndikuwononga kukhazikika kwa makina, kuchititsa ngozi yowonongeka. Panthawi yogwira ntchito, chogwiritsira ntchito chiyenera kukhala chokhazikika ndipo sichiyenera kusuntha kwambiri; chiwombankhangacho sichiyenera kuphwanyidwa pakati potsitsa. Osagwiritsa ntchito zida zapamwamba pokumba. Kuzungulira kuyenera kukhala kosalala, kopanda mphamvu ndipo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito poponda mbali za ngalande. Chotchinga chakumbuyo chakumbuyo kwa boom chiyenera kusungidwa bwino; ngati yawonongeka, iyenera kukonzedwa musanagwiritse ntchito. Mukasuntha, chipangizo chofukula chiyenera kukhala pamtunda wapakati, miyendo iyenera kuchotsedwa, ndipo mkono wokweza uyenera kukwezedwa musanapitirize.
3. Musanayambe kukweza ntchito, njira yophera ya chipangizo chofukula iyenera kuikidwa pakatikati ndikukhazikika ndi mbale yokoka. Pakutsitsa, zida zotsika ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Malo oyandama a valve sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamene mkono wokweza ndowa ukukwezedwa. Ma valve ogawa a hydraulic control system amagawidwa kukhala ma valve anayi kutsogolo ndi ma valve anayi kumbuyo. Ma valve anayi akutsogolo amawongolera otuluka, kukweza manja ndi kunyamula zidebe, ndi zina zotero, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito powonjezera zowonjezera ndi kunyamula; mavavu anayi kumbuyo amagwiritsira ntchito ndowa, kupha, ndi kusuntha mbali. Zida ndi zogwirira ndowa, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pozungulira ndi kukumba. Mphamvu zamakina ndi mphamvu zama hydraulic system sizimaloleza ndipo sizingatheke kuchita ntchito zonyamula ndi kukumba nthawi imodzi.
4. Pamene ma valve anayi oyambirira akugwira ntchito, ma valve anayi omalizira sayenera kugwira ntchito nthawi imodzi. Panthawi yoyendetsa galimoto kapena kugwira ntchito, palibe amene amaloledwa kukhala kapena kuyima paliponse pa backhoe loader kupatula kunja kwa cab.
5. Nthawi zambiri, onyamula ma backhoe amagwiritsa ntchito mathirakitala amawilo ngati injini yayikulu, ndipo amakhala ndi zida zonyamula ndi zofukula kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo, zomwe zimawonjezera kutalika ndi kulemera kwa makinawo. Chifukwa chake, pewani kuthamanga kwambiri kapena kutembenuka mwamphamvu poyendetsa kuti mupewe ngozi. Osalowerera ndale pamene mukutsika. Pamene ndodo ya hydraulic piston ya ndowa ndi ndowa imasungidwa pamalo otalikirapo, chidebecho chikhoza kubweretsedwa pafupi ndi boom, ndipo chipangizo chokumba chimakhala chachifupi, chomwe chimapangitsa kuyenda. Poyendetsa galimoto, zotulukapo ziyenera kuchotsedwa kwathunthu, chipangizo chofukula chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa mwamphamvu, chipangizo chosungira chiyenera kuchepetsedwa, ndipo ndowa za pistoni za hydraulic piston ziyenera kukhalabe pamalo otalikirapo.
6. Talakitala yamawilo ikasinthidwa kukhala chotengera cha backhoe, kulemera kwa thirakitala kumawonjezeka kwambiri. Pofuna kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa matayala pansi pa katundu wolemetsa, njira zimatengedwa kuti mawilo akumbuyo asakhale pansi poyimitsa magalimoto. Nthawi yoimika magalimoto ikadutsa, zotulutsa zimayenera kukwezedwa kuti zikweze mawilo akumbuyo pansi; nthawi yoyimitsa magalimoto ikadutsa, mawilo akumbuyo ayenera kukwezedwa pansi ndipo ayenera kuthandizidwa ndi mapepala pansi pa kuyimitsidwa kumbuyo.